CULTURAL REPRESENTATION OF THE YAKUT EPIC OLONKHO

Abstract

For philosophical research of Olonkho, one needs to consider a few of its ontological areas and, above all, the cultural one. The subjects of the culturological sphere studies are archetypes, memes, and cultural universals. In this article we limit ourselves to a set of basic archetypes of the Olonkho epic: The Choice (intersection), The Stone, The Mountain, The World (sacred) Tree, The Number, The Ladder, The House, The Threshold, and The Path. Some archetypes are multifaceted. For example, the Sacred Tree performs fundamental functions of providing a link between the Upper, Middle and Under Worlds; it is the hub for all spatial movements within the Middle World’ and the home of the patroness, a protector of the people. The Path archetype connects the organization structures of the unconscious in the individual activities and translates to the consciousness and man’s place in the main areas of the world. The main Olonkho memes are as follows: a brooding, contemplative tone of the narrative; the use of multiple refinements characterizing the hero’s images of natural phenomena from various sides; a detailed description of the characteristic elements of the Sakha life.

As a result, the two groups of cultural archetypes are identified. To describe the fundamental characteristics of the Middle World there are The Mountain, The Sacred Tree, The House. The Middle World has a clear center and borders. For description of the exploits of heroes the fundamental archetypes are The Choice, The Stone, The Ladder. The Hero always faces a choice, but he deliberately chooses the hard path, since it leads him to the main evil to be overcome, so that the people of his kin could live happily ever after. The article considers the processes through which the archetypes are related to the “collective unconscious” (the constant feeling of the center of the World, etc.). The author also marks out three basic levels of worldview universals: the level of an individual; level of planetary civilizational subsystems; planetary-cosmic level of worldview universals aimed at identifying the invariants for the joint development of all these levels. In the olonkho all these three levels are closely intertwined, completely original and unique.

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