Semantic oppositions of introductions in Yakut olonkho “Kulun Kullustuur the Rude”

Abstract

The article discusses the semantic space of the language of the archaic epic olonkho “Kulun Kullustuur the Rude” by I. G. Timofeev-Teploukhov. The subject of the research is binary oppositions that take precedence of the motives appearance in the folklore text, which are components of the traditional mythoepic world of the Yakut olonkho. The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the process of semantization, symbolization of objects by identifying taxonomic and semantic types of oppositions, and then to demonstrate the plot-forming role of semantic oppositions in the organization of an epic text. In work the interdisciplinary approach, semantic, functional, inductive analysis, descriptive method are used. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the semantics of objects is determined by their features depending on the situation or context, and the dynamic nature of opposition members reflects the difference in relations, degrees of comparison between polarities, leading to axiologization, eventually establishing the line-up of oppositions around a single trunk – the world creation, which comes across “generative semantics” of the development chronotopos of the further epic events. The novelty of the research lies in the generalized analysis of the introduction of olonkho, which actualizes the differentiation of symbols from metaphors, more broadly – the semantic and structural significance of the initial element of the epic in relation to the entire body of the epic. The performed analysis sets a vector for further research – in the direction of verifying the cultural semantics of objects that carry the attitudes of folk consciousness and behavior.

References

1. Dmitrieva A. A. Index of plots and motifs of the Vilyui region. Science and education. 2007, no 2, pp. 197-200. (In Russ.)
2. Tolstaya S. M. The image of the world in text and ritual. Moscow, Russian Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Science Publ., 2015, 528 p. (In Russ.)
3. Apresyan Yu. D. Studies in semantics and lexicography. Vol. 1. Paradigmatics. Moscow, Languages ​​of Slavic cultures Publ., 2009, 568 p. (In Russ.)
4. Meletinsky E. M. Poetics of myth. Moscow, Eastern Literature Publ., 2000, 407 p. (In Russ.)
5. Neklyudov S. Yu. Morphology and semantics of the epic beginning in the folklore of the Mongolian peoples. In: China and its surrounding areas: mythology, folklore, literature: in honor of the 75th anniversary of B. L. Riftin. by I. S. Smirnov. Moscow, RGGU Publ., 2010, pp. 185-198. (In Russ.)
6. Meletinsky E. M. Myth and historical poetics. Selected articles. Memories. Moscow, RGGU Publ., 2018, 695 p. (In Russ.)
7. Timofeev-Teploukhov I. G. Shrew Kulun Kullustuur. Olonkho. Ed. by A. S. Mirbadalev. Moscow, Main edition of Eastern Literature Publ., 1985, 608 p. (In Yakut and Russ.)
8. Satanar M. T. On the semantic interpretation of the epic formula “three Yakuts, four Yakuts.” Oriental Studies, 2019, no. 1, pp. 134-148. DOI: 10.22162/2619-0990-2019-41-1-134-148. (In Russ.)
9. Ivanov V. V. Even and odd. Asymmetry of the brain and sign systems. Moscow, Soviet Radio Publ., 1978, 184 p. (In Russ.)
10. Kupriyanova, E. S. The symbolism of the image of the cuckoo in the Yakut and Bashkir epics (on the material of the olonkho “The Shrewd Kulun Kullustuur” and the kubair “Ural-batyr”). Young scientist, 2011, no. 8-31, pp. 24-27. (In Russ.)
11. Semenova L. N. The epic world of olonkho. Spatial organization and plot. Saint Petersburg, Petersburg Oriental Studies Publ., 2006, 232 p. (In Russ.)
12. Zhirkova E. E. Figurative vocabulary in the characterization of characters in northern olonkho. In: Ysyakh olonkho in Namsky ulus: revival, preservation and popularization. Collection of materials of the X Republican scientific and practical conference. Yakutsk, Media holding Yakutia Publ., 2019, pp. 52-56. (In Russ.)
13. Zhirkova E. E. Lexico-semantic features of the figurative vocabulary of the Yakut and Buryat languages. World of science, culture and education. 2020, no. 6-85, pp. 509-511. (In Russ.)
14. Anisimov R. N. Zoomorphic components in the composition of phraseological units of the Yakut language that characterize a person. Siberian Journal of Philology. 2016, no. 4, pp. 203-218. DOI: 10.17223/18137083/57/18. (In Russ.)
15. Gabysheva L. L. Folklore text: semiotic mechanisms of oral memory. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 2009, 143 p. (In Russ.)
16. Kuzmina A. A. Index of plot motifs of olonkho self-recordings (based on the work of S. S. Egorov). Theory & Practice. 2016, no. 3-57, pp. 30-33. (In Russ.)
17. Kulakovsky A. E. Scientific works. Yakutsk, Book house Publ., 1979, 484 p. (In Russ.)
18. Gabysheva L. L. The symbolic meaning of metal names in the epic of the Yakuts and other Turkic peoples. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. 2012, no. 3, pp. 115-120. (In Russ.)
19. Nogovitsyn V. P., Solomonov N. G., Savvinov A. S. Natural-scientific view of the Yakut booth. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. 2015, no. 2, pp. 129-139. (In Russ.)
20. Petrova S. I. Folk costume of the Yakuts: historical, ethnographic and art history research. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 2013, 206 p. (In Russ.)
21. Karataev V. O. The Yakut heroic epic “Mighty Er Sogotokh”. Monuments of folklore of the peoples of Siberia and the Far East. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 1996, 440 p. (In Russ.)
22. Borisov Yu. P. Rhythmic-syntactic parallelisms in invariant olonkho texts. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Series Epic studies. 2016, no. 3-03, pp. 24-33. DOI: 10.25587/SVFU.2016.3.10864. (In Russ.)
23. Gogolev A. I. The origins of mythology and the traditional calendar of the Yakuts. Yakutsk, Yakutsk University House Publ., 2002, 104 p. (In Russ.)
24. Tolstaya S. M. Semantic categories of the language of culture: essays on Slavic ethnolinguistics. Moscow, Librocom Publ., 2010, 368 p. (In Russ.)
25. Gabysheva L. L. The traditional picture of nature in olonkho: deep meaning. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Series Epic studies. 2019, no. 3-15, pp. 78-87. DOI: 10.25587/SVFU.2019.15.36601. (In Russ.)
26. Oyunsky P. A. The Yakut fairy tale (olonkho), its plot and content. Yakutsk, NEFU Publ. House, 2016, 120 p. (In Russ.)
27. Izbekova E. I. Numerals in olonkho: structure and semantics: monograph. Yakutsk, NEFU Publ. House. 2014, 152 p. (In Russ.)
28. Sagalaev A. M. Ural-Altaic mythology: symbol and archetype. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1991, 155 p. (In Russ.)
29. Gavrileva R. S. Koumiss choron, Yakut myth and ritual. In: Language-myth-culture of the peoples of Siberia: a collection of scientific papers. Yakutsk, YaGU Publ., 1991, pp. 79-91. (In Russ.)
30. Gabysheva L. L. On the semiotic interpretation of choron functions. In: Folklore and modern culture. A collection of scientific papers. Yakutsk, SB RAS YAYALI Publ., 1991, pp. 115-119. (In Russ.)
31. Eliade M. Aspects of myth. Transl. from French V. P. Bolshakov. Moscow, Academic Avenue Publ., 2010, 256 p. (In Russ.)
32. Dandes A. Folklore: semiotics and / or psychoanalysis. A collection of articles. Transl. from Eng. A. S. Arkhipov. Moscow, Oriental literature Publ., 2003, 279 p. (In Russ.)

Acknowledgements: The study was carried out within the framework of the NEFU research project “Epic monument of the intangible culture of the Yakuts: textological, typological, cognitive and historical-comparative aspects”.