SEMIOTIC SYSTEMS IN THE YAKUT HEROIC EPIC OF OLONKHO

Abstract

Many narrative and descriptive sections of olonkho are carefully designed at the level of signs and can be characterized by semiotic systems and the forming semiotic series, which are characterized by completeness, stability and optimality. Among them, we can distinguish, first, systems that characterize the structure of the world.

The main semiotic series that give an idea of ​​the main plot lines of olonkho are identified: the hero's motivation for combat, including his physical and psychological form; the armament of the hero; characteristics of a fighting horse; preparation and way of the hero to the battle; the battle itself, which ends with the victory of the hero. Usually these series are included in wider semiotic systems. There are four main semiotic systems of olonkho: general, the Upper World, the Middle World, and the Under World. Semiotic systems give an idea of ​​the environment surrounding the heroes of olonkho and the worlds in which all the plot actions take place.

The interaction of the individual with nature is characterized by the master-spirits of the objects, things, manifestations of nature or certain places: lakes, rivers, seas, roads, passages to the Upper and Lower worlds - ichchi, They can be considered the soul of an inanimate object (stone, forests), dwellings, khoton, tethering posts (sergė). Such a soul can have processes, such as fire, as well as a significant word.

As a material for illustrations, we chose the text of the Yakut heroic epic olonkho “Nurgun Botur the Swift” recreated, basing on folk tales, by Platon Alexeyevich Oyunsky. Vladimir Derzhavin carried out translation into the Russian language.

The considered semiotic series are associated with the identification of the main images and objects of olonkho, and semiotic systems - ensure the communication of these images and objects with each other and with their environment. The connection between series and systems is provided through the rhythms of world harmony. Semiotic series and systems are oriented on the universal of the Yakut heroic epic of olonkho: universalism, harmonious interaction with nature and tolerance of the epic.

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