TRANSLATION METHODS OF THE EPIC FORMULAS OF THE UNIVERSE FROM YAKUT INTO FRENCH (BASED ON THE OLONKHO “ELES BOOTUR” BY P. V. OGOTOEV)

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the epic formula research of the universe in the olonkho “Eles Bootur” by P. Ogotoev (in the original and French texts). The purpose of our study is to compare epic formulas of the universe in Yakut and French versions of olonkho in order to determine the methods of their translation into French.

Vertical (contact simple and complex) and horizontal (contact simple and complex) alliterations were identified in the original text and in the translation of olonkho. Anaphoric repetitions predominate in alliterations.

Same syntactic constructions in epic formulas create rhythmic and syntactic parallelisms consisting of a few lines of poem, create rhythmic organization of epic formulas and give extraordinary solemnity to the Olonkho. Parallel design contributes to creating an increasing gradation. Gradation effect is ensured by the choice of words of similar meaning, synonyms and their position in the parallel structures. The basis of gradation is attributes of words that arranged in ascending order.

In French translation there are more words and syllables in poem lines than in the Yakut original text. A variety of translational transformations (replacement, addition, rearrangement of the sentence, the restructuring of lines of verse) is used. Definite and indefinite articles at the beginning of lines and word order in the parallel structures are used in order to translate the alliterations into French. For gradation effect the selected words with similar meanings are chosen, their position in the parallel structures were taken into account.

References

1. Alekseev E. I. Olonhoҕo jetii tutulun araaha (Osobennosti struktury sintaksisa olonho) // Olonho – Evrazija jepohyn illjejeh jejgjetigjer. Materialy Vserossijskogo nauchno-metodologicheskogo seminara “Jepos narodov severo-vostoka Rossijskoj Federacii”. – Jakutsk, 2012. – S. 40-46.
2. Borisov Ju. P. Kjekkjeljetjen jetiini naardyyrga holonuu (I. G. Timofeev-Teplouhov “Kuruubaj Kulun Kullustuur” olonhotuttan holoburdaan”) // Olonho – Evrazija jepohyn illjejeh jejgjetigjer. Materialy Vserossijskogo nauchno-metodologicheskogo seminara «Jepos narodov severo-vostoka Rossijskoj Federacii”. – Jakutsk, 2012. – S. 146-151.
3. Borisov Ju. P. Sintaksicheskie sredstva vyrazhenija stilja olonho // Jakutskij geroicheskij jepos olonho: voprosy nauchnogo izuchenija. – Jakutsk, 2012. – S. 38-49.
4. Borisov Ju. P. Ritmiko-sintaksicheskij parallelizm v altajskom jepose “Maadaj-Kara” i v jakutskom “Devushka-bogatyr’ Dzhyrybyna Dzhyrylyatta” // Jakutskij geroicheskij jepos olonho – Shedevr ustnogo 90 i nematerial’nogo nasledija chelovechestva v kontekste jeposov narodov mira. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii. – Jakutsk: 2014. – S. 161-170.
5. Izbekova E. I. Izobrazhenie jepicheskogo vremeni v olonho. // Jakutskij geroicheskij jepos olonho – Shedevr ustnogo i nematerial’nogo nasledija chelovechestva v kontekste jeposov narodov mira // Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii. – Jakutsk, 2014. – S. 426-430.
6. Robbek, L. V. Problemy perevoda pri leksikograficheskoj razrabotke jazyka jakutskogo geroicheskogo jeposa olonho // Voprosy filologicheskih nauk. – 2009. – № 2. – S. 59-61.
7. Illarionov V. V. Iskusstvo jakutskih olonhosutov. – Jakutsk: Knizhnoe izd-vo. – 1982. – 128 s.
8. Vasil’ev G. M. Stih olonho // Jepicheskoe tvorchestvo narodov Sibiri i Dal’nego Vostoka. – Jakutsk, 1978.
9. Zhirmunskij V. M. O nekotoryh problemah teorii tjurkskogo narodnogo stiha // Tjurkologicheskij sbornik. – M., Nauka, 1970. – 288 s.
10. Kowalsky T. Z. E stucljow nad l ‘o’ma poezji ludow tureckich. – Kracow, 1921.
11. Shherbak A. M. Sootnoshenie alliteracii i rifmy v tjurkskom stihoslozhenii. Narody Azii i Afriki. – 1961. – № 2. – S. 143.
12. Zhirmunskij V. M. O tjurkskom narodnom stihe // Zhirmunskij V. M. tjurkskij geroicheskij jepos. – L., 1974. – S. 657-661.
13. Ogotoev P. V. Jeljes Bootur. – Jakutsk, 2002.
14. Ogotoev P. V. Jeljes Bootur. Olonho (perevod na francuzskij jazyk V. I. Shaposhnikovoj). – Jakutsk, 2013.
15. Bahtin M. M. Formy vremeni i hronotopa v romane. Ocherki po istoricheskoj pojetike // Voprosy literatury i jestetiki. – M.: Hudozh. lit., 1975. – S. 234-407.