Names of Diptera insects in Altai linguistic culture (based on folklore)

Abstract

The object of the study is the entomological vocabulary used to nominate dipterous insects in the Altai language and its dialects. The relevance of the study lies in the lack of study of the lexemes denoting dipterous insects in Altai linguistics. In the article, for the first time, phonetic and lexical-semantic features of Altai insectonyms are considered on the basis of fiction and folklore texts, field materials of the authors. The purpose of this article is to determine the composition of insectonyms denoting dipterous insects in the Altai language, their phonetic, lexical-semantic and linguocultural features. Various methods of linguistic analysis were used in the work: the method of comparative analysis of lexemes, component analysis of the word in identifying structural types and models of formation of insect names, as well as motivational analysis revealing the principle of nomination inherent in the word, linguatextual analysis in identifying the context of the use of lexemes in the culture of the Altai people. The analysis of the structural composition of the names of dipterous insects in the Altai language and its dialects showed the presence of synthetic (one-component) and analytical (two-component) names. Most lexemes are formed as a result of secondary nomination. Secondary nomination of dipterous insects is realized in the form of word-formation and semantic nomination. Secondary nomination of animals in the language and culture of the Altai people is carried out by the following methods of nomination: 1) rethinking or semantic derivation (metaphor, metonymy, euphemisms), 2) reorganization (composition of new units from ready-made elements according to certain models, according to the motivating features “color (coloring)”, “time and habitat”), 3) borrowing of lexical units (from the literary language to dialects and from dialects to the literary language). A complex of motivational features underlying the nominations of dipterous insects is identified: color, size, behavioral features, habitat. For the first time in Turkology, hypotheses of the origin of some Altai insectonyms are presented based on the analysis of the internal forms of their names. The linguacultural contexts representing dipterans are considered: phraseological units, proverbs, riddles, and legends. The study showed that the images of some dipteran insects have the ability to express figurative meanings and interact with the cultural context. In secondary nominations, both external and behavioral characteristics of dipterans are used: their small size, harmfulness towards other living beings, the ability to make certain sounds and fly in the air.

Acknowledgements: The study was carried out according to the project of the Russian Science Foundation No. 23-28-10028 “Language picture of the world of the Altaians: vocabulary of the fauna of the Altai Mountains”.

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