OLONKHO FORMULAS AND FORMULA CONSTRUCTIONS AS UNITS OF LEXICOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION

Abstract

At present, work on the development, deepening and expansion of a special section of linguistics – linguo-folkloristics – is useful for the further development of philology as a whole. The expediency of the development of folklore lexicography, as a separate part of linguo-folkloristics, is not in doubt among specialists. The article summarizes the result of the author's reflections of the main lexicographic problem in the field of folklore lexicography – the theory of extracting units of lexicographic description from an array of folklore texts and further arranging them in the form of a dictionary vocable in the folklore language dictionary. Since the principles and structure of the dictionary of the folklore language, due to the originality of the oral-poetic language, have fundamental differences from all currently existing dictionaries, this problem poses many difficult tasks for folklore lexicographers. From this point of view, the main attention in this work is paid to epic formulas and formulaic constructions, which function in various variations in the texts of the Yakut heroic epic olonkho. Epic formulas and formula constructions are considered here as units of lexicographic description in the folklore language dictionary. Howeevr, due to the mutual organization, close interweaving of the concept of the “olonkho language”, the work also touches upon issues related to the structural features of formulaic structures, phraseological units, as well as epic periods. Since dictionary work requires an extremely careful and responsible attitude from folklore lexicographers, the author made an attempt to develop a certain model that can become an instruction in the correct selection of units of lexicographic description from the array of epic texts of the Yakut epos, as well as in their further processing in the form of dictionary vocables. That is why a preliminary lexicographic inventory of the olonkho language “Nurgun Botur the Swift” (1947) by K.G. Orosin was carried out. The purpose of the inventory is to streamline the folklore material, and further – to create a structural classification of units of lexicographic description in the dictionary of the olonkho language. In carrying out this work, the basic basis was the roughly formulated definition of the nominative designation of the representatives of evil forces – the abaasy heroes in the text of the above olonkho. The analysis revealed the following results: 1) in the lexicographic section, the functional units of the olonkho language, which have the same semantic content, in the olonkho text “Nurgun Botur the Swift» by Orosin are represented by various units of lexicographic description: both formulas, and formula constructions, and constructions formulas nature; 2) in addition, another lexicographic unit was revealed – the non-formal nominative designation abaasy; 3) the material also showed the presence in the text of the analyzed olonkho of formulas with other key words that form the core of the formula model; 4) also, as a result of the analysis, it was decided to include singe expressions that do not have a clearly formed structural basis in a separate group of units of lexicographic description. Further research is related to a more detailed consideration of the nature of the origin, further development and functioning of formulas constructions in the Yakut epic tradition.

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