Semantic types of causative verbs in the texts of the Khakas heroic tales

Abstract

Semantic types of causative verbs of the Khakas language, which are reflected in the texts of the Khakas heroic tales Altyn Aryg and Ah Chibek Aryg. Recorded from the narrator P. V. Kurbizhekov (1910–1966), Khara Khuskhun, recorded from the narrator P. V. Todanov. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that causative verbs are active in use and are of great interest to linguistic researchers. The need to study the semantic types of causative verbs in the texts of Khakas heroic tales is caused by the lack of development of this issue today, which determines the novelty of the study. The purpose of the article is to identify the semantics and functioning of causative verbs in the texts of Khakas heroic tales. The tasks of the research include identifying all the causative verbs found in the texts of heroic tales; determination and analysis of causative affixes involved in the formation of causative verbs; identification of word-formation models of causative verbs, presented in the texts of heroic tales. The analysis of the factual material was carried out using a complex of linguistic methods and techniques. The most promising method for solving the tasks was the method of continuous sampling of examples, which provides for the selection of examples for analysis and writing out of the texts of heroic legends in a row all the examples of the analyzed type found in it, a descriptive method for identifying causative verbs and their consistent description from the point of view of their structure and functioning. The method of distributive analysis made it possible to reveal the valence of the causative verb. As a result of the research, the semantic types of causative verbs were identified and analyzed, namely, factitive, permissive and factual-reflexive, permissive-reflexive types; the derivational models of causative verbs that are relevant for the language of the heroic epic are determined. For verbs with factual semantics, five derivational models have been identified; for permissive – three models; factual-reflexive and permissive-reflexive according to the same model. The study also showed that in the texts of Khakas heroic tales, a double causative is often used, which expresses both factual and permissive meaning. The results obtained can find application in the reading of lecture courses on the Khakas language at the philological faculties of universities, in the compilation of educational and teaching aids, dictionaries. In the future, interesting results can be obtained from studies of causative constructions characteristic of the texts of heroic legends, in a comparative and comparative typological light.

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