The hyperbolization in the Yakut epic

(based on the texts of olonkho Mighty Er Sogotokh and Kyys Debiliye)

Abstract

The article presents the results of studying the technique of hyperbolization in the Yakut epic. The aim of the work is to reveal the potential of artistic exaggeration in the olonkho epic by identifying the main types of hyperbole in it. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that hyperbolization in the Yakut olonkho was not the subject of a separate study. The relevance is due to the need for an in-depth study of the speech means of epic imagery as the most important poetic features that can reveal the uniqueness of the Yakut olonkho. The research was carried out using the structural-functional method and semantic analysis. The research material was exemplary epic texts Kyys Debiliye (recorded in 1941) and Mighty Er Sogotokh (1982), published in the academic series Monuments of folklore of the peoples of Siberia and the Far East with translation into Russian. Particular attention is paid to compiling a brief overview of the study of hyperboles in Yakut folklore, the question of the definition of the terms “hyperbole” and “hyperbolization” is raised. A classification of types of olonkho hyperboles by means (lexical, speech), by degree (relative, absolute), by level (three levels), by subject (anthropocentric, artifact, natural, life, abstract), by property (static and dynamic) and by the function (descriptive and modeling) hyperbolization, which is based on the work of E. P. Voitenko, Yu. I. Borisenko, and others. Descriptive analysis of examples of hyperbolas, determination of their type is given. The author comes to the conclusion that hyperbolization, especially its absolute type, gives the olonkho epic a kind of fantastic style, about which G. U. Ergis, I. V. Pukhov, P. A. Sleptsov were expressed as “extreme hyperbolicity” and “over-hyperbolization”. In the future, a comparative analysis of the hyperbole of the Yakut olonkho with the material of other Turkic epics is considered.

Acknowledgements: The study was carried out within the framework of the NEFU research project “Heroic epics of the Turkic-Mongol peoples of Eurasia: problems and prospects for comparative study”.

References

1. Borisov Yu. P. On some artistic-visual means of the language of Yakut olonkho. Humanitarian research. 2015, No. 12 (52), pp. 27– (In Russ.)
2. Borisova A. A. The motif for the destruction of the abaasy monster in the Yakut olonkho in a comparative analysis with the Buryat epic. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Series Epic studies. 2020, No. 3 (19), pp. 118–124. DOI: 10.25587/c2037-7658-4383-w. (In Russ.)
3. Koryakina A. F. Motives of the olonkho of the same name “Nyurgun Bootur the Swift”: stability, variability, improvisation. Siberian Journal of Philology. 2019, No. 3, pp. 20– DOI: 10.17223/18137083/68/2. (In Russ.)
4. Kuz'mina A. A. Archaic and late layers of poetics of the Yakut heroic epic olonkho (based on the material of the Vilyui expedition of 1938). Nauchnyi dialog. 2020, No. 7, pp. 254– DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-7-254-265. (In Russ.)
5. Satanar M. T. Explication of some codes of the mythological system of the Yakut epic olonkho (to the question of folklore time and space). Nauchnyi dialog. 2020, No. 6, pp. 302– DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2020-6-302-319. (In Russ.)
6. Nikiforov V. M. From archaic olonkho to early feudal epic: history of fixations and specificity of interpretations. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 2010, 139 p. (In Russ.)
7. Sanzheeva L. C. Poetics of folklore text (on the material of the Buryat epic). Dissertation of Doctor of Philological Sciences. Ulan-Ude, 2011, 358 p. (In Russ.)
8. Shabanova N. A. Dictionary of literary terms. Inta, 2008 [Web resource]. URL: https://www.textologia.ru/slovari/literaturovedcheskie-terminy/giperbola/?q=458&n=51 (accessed November 20, 2020). (In Russ.)
9. Kyys Debiliye: Yakut heroic epic. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1993, 330 p. (Monuments of folklore of the peoples of Siberia and the Far East). (In Yakut and Russ.)
10. Yakut heroic epic. “Mighty Er Sogotokh”. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1996, 440 p. (Monuments of folklore of the peoples of Siberia and the Far East). (In Yakut and Russ.)
11. Borisenko Yu. I. Hyperbole: linguistic status and structural types. Collection of scientific works SWORLD. 2012, vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 49– (In Russ.)
12. Literary encyclopedic dictionary. Ed. V. M. Kozhevnikov & P. A. Nikolaev. Moscow, Sovetskaya entsiklopediya Publ., 1987, 752 p. (In Russ.)
13. Alieva F. A. Hyperbole as a means of creating an image in epic genres of folklore of the peoples of Dagestan. Vestnik of Dagestan Scientific Center. 2014, No. 52, pp. 130– (In Russ.)
14. What is hyperbole? [Web resource]. URL: https://astroneergo.ru/chto-takoe-giperbola-primery-i-opredelenie-giperbola-v/ (accessed November 19, 2020). (In Russ.)
15. Skovorodnikov A. P. On rhetorical techniques with operators “increase” and “decrease”. World of the Russian word. 2007, No. 3, pp. 40– (In Russ.)
16. Borisenko Yu. I. Hyperbole and grotesque: the problem of the correlation of concepts. Mir Nauki, Kul'tury, Obrazovaniya. 2009, No. 5 (17), pp. 56– (In Russ.)
17. Borisenko Yu. I. Mechanisms of formation of hyperbole in Russian speech. Mir Nauki, Kul'tury, Obrazovaniya. 2011, No. 1 (26), pp. 67– (In Russ.)
18. Musaeva U., Tentimisheva Ch. Hyperbole is one of the main expressive means used in the epic Manas. Izvestiya VUZov. 2014, No. 4, pp. 191– (In Russ.)
19. Soyan A. M. Features of the use of hyperboles in the Tuvan heroic epic “Boktu-Kirish, Bora-Sheelei”. In: Scientific works of the Tuva State University: materials of the annual scientific-practical conference (Kyzyl, October 21, 2017). Kyzyl, Tuvan State University Publ., 2017, pp. 101– (In Russ.)
20. Seleeva Ts. B. The role of hyperboles in the creation of epic images of the Xinjiang Oirat version of “Dzhangar”. Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University. Series Epic studies. 2020, No. 3 (19), pp. 63–74. DOI: 10.25587/s3314-4995-2854-a. (In Russ.)
21. Koryakina A. F. Hyperboles as pictorial and expressive means in the Yakut olonkho and Buryat uliger. In: Comparative study of the Turkic-Mongolian epics: materials of the All-Russian scientific conference dedicated to the 110^th anniversary of I. V. Pukhov. Yakutsk, NEFU Publ., 2015, pp. 45– (In Russ.)
22. Voitenko E. P. Figurative linguistic means in the Khakas and Russian epics (based on the Khakas heroic epic “Ai-Khuuchin” and Russian epic texts of Siberia and the Far East). Abstract of the dissertation of Candidate of Philological Sciences. Novosibirsk, 2010, 23 p. (In Russ.)
23. Astaf'eva L. A. The plot and style of epics. Dissertation of Doctor of Philological Sciences. Moscow, 1993, 354 p. (In Russ.)
24. Ivanov A. A. – Kyunde. The artistic form of Yakut poetry. Yakutsk, Yakut State Book Publ. House, 1930, 56 p. (In Yakut)
25. Ergis G. U. Essays on Yakut folklore. Yakutsk, Bichik Publ., 2008, 400 p. (In Russ.)
26. Pukhov I. V. Heroic epic of the Altai-Sayan peoples and the Yakut olonkho. Yakutsk, Yakut filial of SB RAS Publ., 2004, 328 p. (In Russ.)
27. Sleptsov P. A. Stages and problems of Yakut linguistics. Yakutsk, IHRISN SB RAS, 2008, 552 p. (In Russ.)