The genre nomination of the Yakut heroic epic and author's works in olonkho style

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of genre nomination of the Yakut heroic epic and author's olonkho. It seems relevant to study the nomination of the olonkho genre in the diachronic aspect. The purpose of the study is to identify issues that arise during the genre nomination of the Yakut heroic epic. To achieve this goal, the author considers the names of the olonkho genre in pre-revolutionary times from the middle of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, when researchers, collectors used the terms “Yakut fairy tale”, “Yakut bylina” under the influence of Russian folklore and due to the lack of development of genres folklore in general. It is established that in the first half of the 20th century, during the formation of Yakut folklore, scientists begin to understand the genre and uniqueness of olonkho, characterize it as a heroic epic and use the word “olonkho” as a term, genre nomination. The article also considers the issue of literary olonkho written by Yakut authors P. A. Oyunsky, S. S. Yakovlev – Erilik Eristiin, V. M. Novikov – Kyunnyuk Uurastyyrap, S. S. Vasiliev – Borogonsky. The author of the article proposes to distinguish between the concepts “self-recording of olonkho” and “author's olonkho”, since the first means recording the original folklore olonkho by the olonkhosut who owns the letter, and the second refers to the author’s works (mainly in written form) composed by people who are not real olonkhosuts. In the book editions of such works in the headline complex the words “olonkho”, “for school-age children”, and “olonkho based on a fairy tale” are often used. It is determined that such author’s works based on or in the olonkho style should not be called as “olonkho”, since this creates a confusion of genres, resulting in falsifications, pseudo-folklore, etc. The author reveals that in addition to all this, there is a local peculiarity of the northern olonkho, which were strongly influenced by the fairy tale genre, and some folklore carriers define them as “olonho-ostuoruya” (olonkho-fairy tale), “olonkho-kepseen” (olonkho-story).

References

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