THE SEMANTIC MEANING OF NAMES IN OLONKHO

Abstract

Concepts of the “philosophy of the name” developed primarily in Russian philosophy at the beginning of the XX century are considered. The main problem here was whether the name belongs to being and how it relates to the spiritual essence of man. A. F. Losev identified the name and its essence, S. N. Bulgakov believed that the name is a link between the cosmos and the word; however, it can be realized only through man. As a research methodology, the core of the A. F. Losev approach was used.

Of the sixty-seven levels of the study of the name in the myth, folklore and epic by A. F. Losev has seven main ones. “Phoneme” is a name, first of all, a sound. “Semema” is the sphere of “words with the character of meaning”. “Etymological” – the moment of the “root” of the word. “The syntagma of the word”, emphasizing that the word in the text is always associated with other words. “Poema of the word” characterizes the variability of the meaning of the words “depending on the way they are located in the sentence, on the poetic size (and its types), rhyme and other external devices used for expressiveness purposes”. “Meon” is a “different” position, a “different” meaning, a necessary irrational moment in the very rationality of the being. “The energy of the name is the essence of “such and such or certain or essence in the mode of definite comprehension, in the mode of the manifest, expressed essence”.

Studies of the philosophy of the name in olonkho suggest that the name has a deep ontological meaning; it is closely connected with the essence of the hero, character and their being. So the full name of the hero or his horse contains fairly complete their essential characteristics. Vivid examples of the names of the deities of the upper world, the ancestors of the Middle World and their defenders-spirits are connected into a single system. These series and name’s systems form stable olonkho invariants, providing its fundamental identification.

In general, the set of olonkho names provides an idea of being of a certain epoch, its social and humanitarian characteristics.

References

1. Russkaya filosofiya. Slovar' [Russian philosophy]. Moscow, Respublika, 1995, 655 p.
2. Losev A. F. Filosofiya imeni [Name philosophy]. Moscow, Akademicheskij proekt, 2009, 300 p.
3. Bulgakov S. N. Filosofiya imeni [Name philosophy]. Saint-Petersburg, Nauka, 1998, 446 p.
4. Losev A. F. Mif-chislo-sushhnost' [Myth-Number-Essence]. Moscow, Mysl', 1994, 919 p.
5. Florenskij P. A. Imena [Names]. Moscow, Ast, Har'kov, Folio, 2003, 330 p.
6. Losev A. F. Bytie. Imya. Kosmos [Existence. Name. Space]. Moscow, Mysl', 1993, 958 p.
7. Lotman Yu. M. Semiosfera [Semiosphere]. Saint-Petersburg, Iskusstvo-SPb, 2000, 704 p.
8. Dancev A. A. A. F. Losev [A. F. Losev]. Moscow, IKC “Mart”, 2005, 112 p.
9. Nyurgun Bootur Stremitel'nyj. Yakutskij geroicheskij epos olonho [Nurgun Bootur the Swift. Yakut heroic epic]. Vossozdal na osnove narodnyh skazanij Platon Ojunskij. Per. na russkij yazyk V. V. Derzhavina. Yakutsk, Yakutskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo, 1975, 429 p.
10. Novikov V. M. – Kyunnyuk Urastyrap. Moguchij Djagaryma[Mighty Dzhagaryma]. Moscow, Sovremennik, 1990, 270 p.
11. Kulakovskij A. E. Nauchnye trudy [Academic works]. Yakutsk, Yakutskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo, 1979, 484 p.
12. Emelyanov N. V. Syuzhety yakutskih olonho [Plots of Yakut olonkho]. Moscow, Nauka, 1980, 376 p.
13. Knabe G. S. Semiotika kul'tury [Semiotics of culture]. Moscow, Ros. gos. gumanitarnyj un-t, 2005, 63 p.
14. Postmodernizm. Enciklopediya [Postmodernism. Encyclopedia]. Minsk, Interpresservis, Knizhnyj dom, 2001, 1040 p.
15. Emelyanov N. V. Syuzhety rannih tipov yakutskih olonho [Plots of early types of Yakut olonkho]. Moscow, Nauka, 1983, 247 p.