MYTHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN THE EPIC AND CEREMONIAL MATERIALS OF TURK-MONGOLIAN PEOPLE

Abstract

The comparative analysis of such two basic components of spiritual life of the Turk-Mongolian people`s life as epic and shaman traditions is relevant in modern national folklore. The purpose of this research is to consider the semantics of common mythological characters in epic and ceremonial texts. The comparative aspect of myths research in the epos, shamanism and the Turk-Mongolian parallels weren’t yet an object of special study. Certainly, the semantics and genealogy of epic events and function of heroes are more precisely revealed in the context of ceremonial materials. The representation of the Turk-Mongolian mythology characters reflecting the ancestral lunar and solar beginning as a symbol of protection and fertility implicitly or explicitly prevails in epic texts. The image of nine heavenly children remained in the Yakut epic texts and is absent in the Buryat epic texts. In Buryat legends this image remained only in the steadiest repeating ceremonial events. It should be noted that the image of nine heavenly children more fully preserved in the Yakut tradition. Therefore, we tracked the semantics of single Turk-Mongolian mythological characters in ceremonial events and epic texts. We have also revealed similar archaic elements in their image, safety and transformation of cultural codes. According to our observations the basic model of the shaman mythological world is realized in epic poetic texts. The value of mythological characters in the epos and ceremonial events is identical very often.

References

1. Putilov B. N. Fol’klor i narodnaja kul’tura: in memoriam; RAN, Muzej antropologii i jetnografii im. Petra Velikogo. – SPb.: Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie, 2003. – 464 s.
2. Gogolev A. I. Istoricheskaja jetnografija jakutov. – Jakutsk: Izd-vo JaGU, 1980. – 108 s.
3. Losev A. F. Problema simvola i realisticheskoe iskusstvo. – M.: Iskusstvo, 1976. – 367 s.
4. Muhopleva S. D. Jakutskie narodnye obrjadovye pesni: (Sistema zhanrov). – Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1993. – 110 s.
5. Madason f. 18, op. 1, d. 193. – Ehje ongonoj durdalga = [Prizyvanie velikogo ongona] // CVRK IMBT SO RAN, f. I. N. Madasona, f. 18, op. 1, d. 197, l. 15-22.
6. Shternberg L. Ja. Pervobytnaja religija v svete jetnografii; pod red. i s predisl. Ja. P. Al’kora. – L.: Izd-vo In-ta narodov Severa CIK SSSR im. P. G. Smidovicha, 1936. – 533 s.
7. Dashieva N. B. Kalendar’ v tradicionnoj kul’ture burjat. – Ulan-Udje: Izd.-poligr. kompleks VSGAKI, 2001. – 299 s.
8. Hangalov M. N. Sobr. soch.: V 3 t., T. 1. – Ulan-Udje: Izd-vo OAO “Respublikanskaja tip.”, 2004. – 508 s.
9. Galdanova G. R. Dolamaistskie verovanija burjat. – Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1987. – 116 s.
10. Gogolev A. I. Jakuty. Problemy jetnogeneza i formirovanija kul’tury. – Jakutsk: Izd-vo JaGU, 1993. – 199 s.
11. Hүhje mүnhje tjengjeri: sb. shamanskih prizyvanij. – Ulan-Udje: AO “Respublikanskaja tip.”, 1996. – 270 s.
12. Jeliade M. Shamanizm: arhaicheskie tehniki jekstaza. – Kiev: Sofija, 2000. – 480 s.
13. Lukina A. G. Tradicionnye tancy saha. – Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2005. – 356 s.
14. Hangalov M. N. Sobr. soch.: V 3 t., T. 2. – Ulan-Udje: Izd-vo OAO “Respublikanskaja tip.”, 2004. – 312 s.
15. Dugarov D. S. Istoricheskie korni belogo shamanstva (na materiale obrjadovogo fol’klora burjat). – M.: Nauka, 1991. – 300 s.
16. Hudjakov A. I. Kratkoe opisanie Verhojanskogo okruga. – L.: Nauka, 1969. – 439 s.
17. Ala-Bulkun: jakutskoe olonho / Zapis’ V. N. Vasil’eva; podg. teksta Je. K. Pekarskogo, N. V. Emel’janova; per. G. V. Baisheva. – Jakutsk: Sahapoligrafizdat, 1994. – 104 s.