The ideals of the male batyrs (the epic of the Ural Batyr and the olonkho Nurgun Bootur the Swift): typology and features

Abstract

The article analyzes the images of two main characters from the epic Ural-batyr and the olonkho Nurgun Bootur the Swift by Platon Oyunsky, which are based on ancient mythological ideas of people about life, about the world around them, ideas about the struggle between good and evil, etc. A comparative study of the following plots in the epics is carried out: the birth of boys; the upbringing of adolescents; the actions of the main characters, etc. The aspect of behavioral stereotypes of batyrs in three worlds, the features of service for the benefit of unity, freedom and happiness of the people are studied. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that the study of the behavior and actions of the main characters allows us to identify their common features, and for the first time a comparative typological analysis of two epic heroes of the Bashkir and Yakut epics is made. The scientific novelty of the study consists in an attempt to artistically comprehend the features of the images of the main heroes of the olonkho Nurgun Bootur the Swift by Platon Oyunsky and the epic Ural-batyr. Particular attention is paid to the methods and techniques by which the image of the main hero is created. The purpose of the study is to identify the ideological and artistic features and the typology of differences in the images of Batyrs from the main epic monuments Ural-batyr and Nurgun Bootur the Swift by Platon Oyunsky. The main task necessary to achieve this goal is to conduct a comparative analysis of the images of batyrs in the epics of two Turkic peoples. A comprehensive study of artistic images allows us to reveal the actions of the heroes, which have spiritual and educational significance. The study revealed that the images of the Yakut and Bashkir epics have a number of similarities and differences due to the peculiarities of the worldview, mythological ideas and views of the peoples. The common idea is that men serve goodness and justice.

References

1. The Yakut heroic epic olonkho is a masterpiece of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity in the context of the epics of the peoples of the world: materials of the International Scientific Conference. Yakutsk, June 18–20, 2023. Executive editor E. I. Mikhailova, etc. Yakutsk, NEFU Publ. House, 2014, 520 p. (In Rus.)

2. Oyunskiy, P. A. Nurgun Botur the Swift. The Yakut heroic epic Olonkho. Recreated on the basis of folk tales (legends) by Platon Oyunskiy. Translated by V. Derzhavin. Ed. 2. Yakutsk, Publ. House, 1975, 429 p. (In Rus.)

3. Oyunskiy, P. A. Nurgun Botur the Swift. Olonkho. Yakutsk, Sakhapoligrafizdat, 2003, 544 p. (In Yakut)

4. Bakchiev, T. A. New dimensions of the epic “Manas”. Bishkek, Altyn Tamga Publ., 2021, 179 p. (In Rus.)

5. Manas. Kirghiz heroic epic. Book 1. Compilers: A. S. Mirbadaleva, N. V. Kidaysh-Pokrovskaya et al. Moscow, Oriental Literature Publ., 1984, 544 p. (In Rus.)

6. Dzhanaev, A. V. “Alpamysh” Uzbek folk epic. Moscow, Detgiz Publ., 1958, 223 p. (In Rus.)

7. Kalkin, A. G. Maadai-Kara: Altai heroic epic. Storyteller A. G. Kalkin; poetic translation A. I. Plitchenko; interlinear S. S. Surazakov. Ak Chechek Publ., Gorno-Altaysk, 1995, 205 p. (In Altai)

8. Dzhangar. Kalmyk heroic epic. Compiler A. Sh. Kichikov; editor G. I. Mikhailov. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1978. Vol. 1, 441 p.; Vol. 2, 417 p. (In Kalmyk)

9. Sultangareeva, R. A. Bashkir epic in the XXI century: existence and performing traditions (kubairs, research and video materials). Ufa, Samrau Publ., 2023, 235 p. (In Rus.)

10. Bashkir folk epic. Compilers A. S. Mirbadaleva, M. M. Sagitov, A. I. Kharisov, introduction A. S. Mirbadaleva, executive editor N. V. Kidaish-Pokrovskaya. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1977, 518 p. (In Rus.)

11. Gallyamov, S. A. The Great Khau Ben. The historical roots of the Bashkort-English language and mythology. Ufa, Kitap Publ., 1997, 320 p. (In Rus.)

12. Ural Batyr. Bashkir folk epic. Translated from Bashkir by Gazim Shafikov. Text preparation, editorial, preface, comments by Mukhtar Sagitov. Ufa, Bashkir Book Publ. House, 1981, 160 p. (In Rus.)

13. Ural Batyr. Bashkir folk epic. Preparation of the text, introduction, comments by A. M. Suleymanov. Executive editor A. M. Suleymanov. Ufa, Kitap Publ., 2005, 296 p. (In Rus.)

14. Ural Batyr (epic). Recorded by M. Burangulov from G. Argynbayev and H. Almukhametova in 1910. Ufa, Kitap Publ., 2014, 196 p. (In Bashkir)

15. Bashkir folk art. Vol. 10. Historical epic. Editor-in-Chief N. T. Zaripov. Ufa, Kitap Publ., 1999, 392 p. (In Rus.)

16. Yuldybaeva, G. V., Khubbitdinova, N. A. Artistic and stylistic features of the archaic epic of the Bashkir people (the epics of the “Ural Batyr”, “Akbuzat”, “Zayatulyak and Khyukhylu”). Ufa, Kitap Publ., 2022, 215 p. (In Rus.)

17. Ivanov, V. N. Olonkho is the unique phenomenon in the world epic culture: monograph. Yakutsk, NEFU Publ. House, 2014, 158 p. (In Rus.)

18. The Yakut heroic epic of Olonkho: the state and prospects of study. Materials of the Republican Scientific Conference. Yakutsk, May 27, 2011. Editorial board V. N. Ivanov (executive editor), V. V. Illarionov, G. G. Filipov, A. A. Nakhodkina, A. A. Grigorieva. Yakutsk, NEFU Publ. House, 2011, 305 p. (In Rus.)

19. Bashkir folk epic tales. Author of the project, compiler, scientific editor and author of the introduction F. A. Nadrshina. Executive editor of the English text S. Shafiqov. Ufa, Kitap Publ., 2010, 278 p. (In Rus.)

20. Suleymanov, A. M. Sesens (storytellers). Monograph. Ufa, Bashkir Book House, 2012, 178 p. (In Rus.)

21. Suleymanov, A. M. The kubair of “Ural Batyr”. Ufa, BSPU Publ. House, 2015, 160 p. (In Rus.)

22. Suleymanov, A. M. The sons of Ural Batyr. Ufa, BSPU Publ. House, 2016, 208 p. (In Bashkir)

23. Suleymanov, A. M., Amanbayeva, Z. S. The work of M. Burangulov with storytellers and on the epic of “Ural Batyr”. Philology and Human. No. 2, 2017, pp. 95–103. (In Rus.)

24. Suleymanov, A. M., Ryazapov, R. F. Archaic epic of the Bashkir people. Ufa, Gilem Publ., 2000, 124 p. (In Rus.)

25. Ryazapov, R. F. The mythological basis of the Bashkir epic monuments. Ufa, Gilem Publ., 2006, 182 p. (In Rus.)

26. Yuldybaeva, G. V. Etiological monuments in the epic “Ural Batyr”. In: Bashkir folklore. Research and materials. Ufa, Kitap Publ., 2011, pp. 98–113. (In Bashkir)

27. Yuldybaeva, G. V. To the study of the style of the Bashkir folk epic “Ural Batyr”. In: Epic heritage and spiritual practices in the past and present. Ethnological studies on shamanism and other traditional beliefs and practices. International series of scientific papers. Vol. 15. Part 2. Executive editor V. I. Kharitonov. Moscow, IEA RAS Publ., 2013, pp. 112–122. (In Rus.)

28. Yuldybaeva, G. V. Bashkir mythological epic “Ural Batyr”. Problems of history, philology, culture. No. 4(46), 2014. pp. 265–272. (In Rus.)

29. The spiritual culture of the Bashkir people: in 3 vols. Vol. 1: Folklore and Art. Edited by A. V. Psyanchin. Ufa, Bashkir Encyclopedia Publ., 2018, 352 p. (In Rus.)

30. The Chronicler of the Native land. By the 80th anniversary of the professor N. M. Kulbakhtin. Ufa, Samrau Publ., 2021, 344 p. (In Rus.)

31. Meletinsky, Ye. M. The myth poetry. Moscow, Oriental literature Publ., 1976, 407 p. (In Rus.)

32. Zhirmunsky, V. M. The national heroic epic: comparative historical essays. Moscow, Leningrad, State Publ. House of fine literature, 1962, 435 p. (In Rus.)

33. The Library of World Literature. The Heroic Epic of the peoples of the USSR. Vol. 1. Introduction, compilling. and notes by A. A. Petrosyan. Moscow, State Publ. House of fine literature, 1975, 557 p. (In Rus.)

34. Pukhov, I. V. The Yakut heroic epic olonkho. Basic images. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1962, 256 p. (In Rus.)

35. Pukhov, I. V. Olonkho – the ancient epic of the Yakuts. In: Nurgun Botur the Swift. Yakutsk, AS USSR Publ. House, 1975, p. 365. (In Rus.)