YIRAU'S CREATIVITY IN THE AUTHOR'S ORAL POETRY OF THE TURKIC PEOPLES

Abstract

Verbal art includes three types: folk art (folklore), author's oral literature, and written literature. The main difference between oral literature and folklore is that it contains authorship and creative individuality. Author's oral poetry in literary theory began to be studied relatively recently, starting from the 1920s. In the literature of the Turkic peoples, along with the baksy, ashugs, kedai, olonkhosuts, akyns, sesens and other improvisers in the 14th – 16th centuries, worthy place was occupied by the work of yirau, which is especially noted in the works of Idelbaev [3]. However, there are some aspects from the point of view of the genesis, theory, history and artistic features of creativity that require a separate, concretized study. That is why today there is an urgent need to reveal an objective picture of the development of Yirau artistic creativity in all its manifestations. This determines the relevance of this article. Its purpose and task are to identify the patterns of development of Yirau creativity in close relationship with folklore and written literature, analyze their improvisations that have survived to date, study the main poetic features, comprehend the role of Yirau in the socio-political life of the Turkic peoples and in the history of the development of their verbal art. To do this, we have chosen a historical-comparative and systematic approach to the history of oral poetry, as well as methodological and literary principles of analysis. Yirau were common representatives mainly of the Bashkir, Kazakh, Karakalpak and Nogai peoples. The most famous of them are Khabrau, Asan Kaigy, Kaztugan and Shalgiiz, who lived in the 14th – 16th centuries. Their improvisations reflect such important issues as morality and ethics, fidelity to the customs of ancestors, continuity of generations, concern for the well-being of the country, images of brave defenders of the motherland, an honest, wise and just ruler and faith in his creative activity. Speaking to a large audience, they certainly brought their poetic speeches to the audience in the form of songs, themselves accompanying them with musical instruments, most often dombra, sometimes kyl-kubyz or anticipating performances with a tune on kurai and kubyz. It can be concluded that the Yirau of the 14th – 16th centuries – Khabrau, Asan Kaigy, Kaztugan and Shalgiiz – in their improvisations raised the common topical problems of the life of a number of Turkic peoples, were at the level of universal achievements of the author's oral literature, both in content and in the forms of their reproduction. Аs well as distinct local features, each author has unique personality traits. The article will be useful for literary scholars, teachers and universities of philological students and for all those interested in the spiritual values of the Turkic peoples of the past.

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