Features of Olyokma olonkho and the influence of the Vilyui epic tradition on it

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the olonkho of the Olyokminsky District), which has its own specifics due to its ethnic composition, history, and territorial location. The relevance of the article lies in the lack of knowledge and uniqueness of the olonkho of Olyokma Yakuts. The aim of the work was to identify the peculiarities of Olyokma olonkho and the influence of the Vilyui epic tradition on it. The academic novelty of the study lies in the fact that the tradition of Olyokma olonkho-tellers for the first time becomes the object of study and is compared with the regional tradition of Vilyui Yakuts. A characteristic was given to Olyokminsky District, where attention is focused on the high mobility of storytellers, frequent visits of olonkho-tellers from other districts, and a diverse ethnic composition. The history of the collection and publication of olonkho texts in this region was considered. It was established that due to remoteness, complex infrastructure, lack of finances, there were almost no folklore expeditions and the organization of a network of correspondents. Peculiarities characteristic only for the Olyokma olonkho were singled out: in the epic locus, instead of the sea, a river is often represented; a large number of toponyms, hydronyms; a fabulous motif for choosing a path as a hero; peculiar poetic-style means, which reflect trade relations with China; a complicated plot conflict; the creation myth; a large number of images, characters of olonkho; the image of olonkho-teller included in the plot of the epic. The influence of the olonkho of the Vilyui District, which is located in the neighborhood and in close contact with Olyokma, was revealed. The sacralization of the folklore word by the Vilyui and Olyokma olonkho-tellers was discovered, which consists in the performance of the inserted ritual song “Kuturuk salayar yrya” (lit. “tail guiding” song) before or after the olonkho’s tale. In the compared regions, birch stands in the image of the sacred olonkho tree (Aar Kuduk Khatyng, Aar Duub Khatyng). At the same time, the Birch of Olyokma is distinguished by its more detailed description. The olonkho of the Vilyui District is characterized by the cult of shamanism, which also influenced the work of the Olyokma narrator M.T. Sharaborin – Kumaarap. These folklore districts are also characterized by the appearance of an everyday nature of the life of heroes and a layer of intermediate images of olonkho.

References

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