Syntactic constructions in olonkho Son of the lour Er Sogotokh

Abstract

The subject of this article is the study of the structure and semantics of syntactic constructions representing the main epic formulas in the text of the olonkho of the Northern (Abyi) Yakuts. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe on the material of the olonkho Son of the lour Er Sogotokh structural and semantic features of syntactic constructions expressing the discussed epic formulas. As a result of the analysis of this olonkho, it was established that it generally uses the basic system of formulas, which is also found in the olonkho of other local traditions – the Yakuts of Central Yakutia and the Vilyui Yakuts. The syntactic constructions of the considered formulas have a specific lexical and grammatical structure, characterized by dialect elements. The formulas in the analyzed olonkho are represented by constructions made out by certain forms of verbs, the name on -laah, etc. Along with the form of recent time, the form -taga is also used, which formally coincides with the indicator of assumed inclination. In the semantic plan, this form is often a stylistic use of the form of the recent past, which is also characteristic of the olonkho of other local traditions. In some cases, it acts as a past narrative time. In the introductory part of the olonkho, the first two tirades are equipped with an evidential particle “say”. Separate formulas (for example, of epic time; a hero who does not know his origin, etc.) functions in the form of parallelism with a relatively large number of members, which is not characteristic of the olonkho Yakuts of Central Yakutia. There is a relatively frequent use of the syllabic form of the past narrative time (ilte instead of ildibite ‘delivered’, boulta instead of buolbuta ‘became’ and others), which in modern Yakut language is found primarily in colloquial style. Instead of the final long verb teree ‘to born’, ekkiree ‘to jump’, telgie ‘to spread’, erie ‘to weave’, kerdie ‘to seek’ and others, the diphthong -үө is used, which also indicates the presence of ancient phonological phenomena in the language of this olonkho. The use in the text of the olonkho of the verb structure ooynoo ‘to play’, instead of the modern one, indicates the preservation of this ancient form in the Abyi dialect. Considered olonkho as olonkho, preserving interesting historical and dialectic phenomena, deserves to continue the study in a linguistic aspect.

Acknowledgments: The study was prepared with the financial support of the RFBF, project No. 18-412-140013 r_a “The Epic Heritage of the Arctic (Northern) Yakuts in the Context of Ethnic History (Problem of Interaction and Mutual Influence)”

References

1. Alekseev N. A., Efremov P. E. Fol'klor dolgan [Folklore of Dolgans]. In: Fol'klor dolgan [Folklore of Dolgans]. Sost. P. E. Efremov. Novosibirsk, Izd-vo In-ta arkheologii i etnografii SO RAN, 2000, pp. 11-28. (Pamyatniki fol'klora narodov Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka; T. 19 [Monuments of folklore of the peoples of Siberia and the Far East; Vol. 19]).
2. Mukhopleva S. D. Epos severnykh yakutov-olenevodov: istoriya sobiraniya, izdaniya i issledovaniya [Epic of the Northern Yakut reindeer herders: the history of existence, publication and research]. In: Traditsionnaya kul'tura [Traditional Culture]. 2015, No. 1 (57), pp. 117-132.
3. Illarionov V. V., Illarionova T. V. Abyiga olonkholooһun ugestere uonna G. F. Nikulin olonkholoro [Traditions of olonkho performing in Abyi and olonkhos by G. F. Nikulin]. In: Abyi olonkholoro: olonkho [Abyi olonkhos: olonkho]. Bech. bel. V. V. Illarionov, T. V. Illarionova. Yakutsk, Bichik, 2018, pp. 5-39. (Sakha booturdara: 21 t.; 20 t. [Sakha booturs: in 21 vol.; vol. 20]). (In Yakut lang.)
4. Abyi olonkholoro: olonkho [Abyi olonkhos: olonkho]. Bech. bel. V. V. Illarionov, T. V. Illarionova. Yakutsk, Bichik, 2018, 296 p. (Sakha booturdara: 21 t.; 20 t. [Sakha booturs: in 21 vol.; vol. 20]). (In Yakut lang.)
5. Pukhov I. V. Yakutskii geroicheskii epos. Osnovnye obrazy obrazy [Yakut heroic epic. Main images]. Moscow, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1962, 256 p.
6. Emel'yanov N. V. Syuzhety olonkho o rodonachal'nikakh plemeni [Plot of olonkho about the ancestors of tribe]. Moscow, Nauka, 1990, 208 p.
7. Meletinskii E. M. Proiskhozhdenie geroicheskogo eposa. Rannie formy i arkhaicheskii pamyatnik [The origin of the heroic epic. Early forms and archaic monument]. 2 izd., ispr. Moscow, Vost. lit-ra, 2004, 462 p.
8. Vasil'ev G. M. Yakutskoe stikhoslozhenie [Yakut versification]. Yakutsk, Kn. izd-vo, 1965, 125 p.
9. Illarionov V. V. Yakutskoe skazitel'stvo i problema vozrozhdeniya olonkho [Yakut narration and the problem of the revival of olonkho]. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 2006, 191 p.
10. Efremov N. N. K problematike formul'nosti teksta olonkho (v kontekste svyazannykh s nei yazykovykh i inykh yavlenii) [On the problems of the form of the olonkho text (in the context of linguistic and other phenomena associated with it)]. In: Olonkho – dukhovnoe nasledie naroda sakha: sb. nauch. st. [Olonkho – the spiritual heritage of the Sakha people]. Otv. red. V. N. Ivanov. Yakutsk, IGI AN RS(Ya), 2000, pp. 150-159.
11. Robbek L. V. Leksiko-semanticheskie osobennosti yazyka yakutskogo geroicheskogo eposa olonkho [Lexical and semantic features of the language of the Yakut heroic epic olonkho]. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 2014, 140 p.
12. Sleptsov P. A. Yakutskii literaturnyi yazyk: formirovanie i razvitie obshchenatsional'nykh form [Yakut literary language: the formation and development of national forms]. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 1990, 277 p.
13. Bol'shoi tolkovyi slovar' yakutskogo yazyka: v 15 t. T. 3 [The Large Explanatory Dictionary of the Yakut Language: in 15 vol. Vol. 3]. Pod red. P. A. Sleptsova. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 2006, 842 p.
14. Bol'shoi tolkovyi slovar' yakutskogo yazyka: v 15 t. T. 1 [The Large Explanatory Dictionary of the Yakut Language: in 15 vol. Vol. 1]. Pod red. P. A. Sleptsova. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 2004, 679 p.
15. Petrov N. E. Chastitsy v yakutskom yazyke [Particles in Yakut language]. Yakutsk, Kn. izd-vo, 1978, 300 p.
16. Erilik Eristiin. Maarykchaan ychchattara: roman, seһen, kepseenner [The youth of Marykchan: romance, novel, stories]. Yakutsk, Kinige izd-vota, 1983, 584 p. (In Yakut lang.)
17. Sleptsov P. A. Zametki o yazyke “Vospominanii” A. Ya. Uvarovskogo [Notes on the language of “Memoirs” by Ya. Uvarovsky]. In: O. N. Betlingk i ego trud o yazyke yakutov: materialy Konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 120-letiyu vykhoda v svet truda O. N. Betlingka “O yazyke yakutov” [O. N. Betlingk and his work on the language of the Yakuts: materials of the Conference dedicated to the 120^th anniversary of the publication of the work by O. N. Betlingk “On the language of the Yakuts”]. Otv. red. E. I. Korkina, N. E. Petrov. Yakutsk, YaF SO AN SSSR, 1973, pp. 186-206.
18. Pekarskii E. K. Slovar' yakutskogo yazyka: v 3 t. T. 2 [Dictionary of the Yakut language: in 3 vol. Vol. 2]. 3-e izd., ispr. i dop. Saint Petersburg, Nauka, 2008, col. 1281-2508.
19. Ubryatova E. I. Issledovaniya po sintaksisu yakutskogo yazyka [Studies on the syntax of the Yakut language]. Moscow, Leningrad, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1950, 304 p.
20. Efremov N. N. Epicheskie formuly v olonkho severnykh yakutov: strukturno-semanticheskii analiz [Epic formulas in olonkho of Northern Yakuts: structural-semantic analysis]. In: Vestnik Severo-Vostochnogo federal'nogo universiteta imeni M. K. Ammosova: Seriya Eposovedenie [Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University: Series Epic studies]. 2018, No. 4 (12), pp. 58-65. doi: 10.25587/SVFU.2018.12.22342.