EPIC FORMULAS IN THE NORTHERN YAKUT OLONKHO: STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS

Abstract

The subject of this article is the structural-semantic organization of the constructions of epic formulas in the olonkho of the northern – Essey Yakuts. The purpose of the article is to reveal the description on the material of two variants of the same olonkho of Essey Yakuts structural and semantic features of the structures of the discussed epic formulas. As a result of the analysis of two variants of olonkho Essey Yakuts, it was found that in the reviewed texts as a whole, the main system of formulas used in the olonkho of other local traditions is used (with the exception of the epic time formula). The formulas under discussion have a shorter structure and are represented by a slightly different character of the lexical and grammatical content of the composition of the sentences in which they are implemented. The formulas in the variants of the analyzed olonkho are represented on the whole by typologically similar constructions (for example, constructions decorated with the name in -laah, participles, verbs, etc.). Moreover, the formulas of the second variant are characterized by a shorter structure. In addition, there is an excessive use of evidential means – a combination of an auxiliary verb (buoltara) with particles (ebite uhu). The latter in the modern Yakut language are nuclear representatives of the category of evidentiality. In the lexical composition of parallelisms and phrases there are dialect words (for example, tahaat instead of chyohgochyok ‘stump’, mangii ‘long-time’, hildie ‘storm’, miinnerinstead of miiner menge ‘plow cattle’ etc.) characteristic of this speaking Yakut language. In addition, there are also Russianisms (kinees ‘prince’, tarsyyna ‘foreman’, polpuuda (instead boppuda) ‘half of pud’, nestileek ‘nasleg’, etc.); which act as components of both members of certain parallelisms and phrases. In the text of the discussed olonkho many dialect phonetic correspondences: c~һ, ҕ~g, k~x, m~b, x~l, e~i, etc. The study of epic formulas on the material of the olonkho northern Essey Yakuts compared to the olonkho of others local traditions can shed light on the solution of the problem of the functioning of similar formulas in the olonkho of different local traditions.

Acknowledgments: The study was prepared within the framework of the RFFR, project No. 18-412-140013 p_a “The Epic Heritage of the Arctic (Northern) Yakuts in the Context of Ethnic History (the Problem of Interaction and Mutual Influence)”.

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