SPATIAL ADJECTIVES IN THE KALMYK HEROIC EPIC “DZHANGAR”

Abstract

This research is regarded to the works the purpose of which is working out of the system of definitions for giving adequate and exact interpretation, in particular to spatial adjectives. These adjectives act as a representative of the world language picture in which the main ethno cultural features of the Kalmyk language are imprinted and reflected. They depend on climate, living conditions, a landscape, the place of residence. Spatial adjectives attract attention by their frequency and designate in the epos the situation over (under, inside, in the center, on the contrary, before) the reference point, distance, the direction, the horizontal plane, the vertical axis, the arrangement of objects relatively to each other. Spatial orientation is based on four parts of the world: ömn üzg ‘south’, are üzg ‘north’, zün üzg ‘east’, барун üzg ‘west’.

Spatial adjectives, form couples: barun ‘right’ – zün ‘left’, deerk ‘top’ – dorak ‘lower’, ömnк ‘forward’ – ардк ‘back’. Left – being at the left, located in that side of a body where people have a heart (from that hand which is closer to heart): zün ɤar ‘the left hand’, zün övdg ‘the left knee’, zün хаlх ‘the left cheek’, zün tasha ‘the left hip’, zün tam‘the left hell’, zün dörä ‘the left stirrup’, zün кöl ‘the left leg’, zün xasvč ‘the left shutter of doors’, zün eem ‘the left shoulder’. Right – located on the side opposite to heart (left side): barun ɤar ‘the right hand’, barun övdg ‘the right knee’, barun хаlх ‘the right cheek’, barun tasha ‘the right hip’.

Due to this work is carried out within the project “The explanatory dictionary of the Kalmyk heroic epos «Dzhangar»” language our main aim was to give interpretation to several heading words: барун‘right; the West’ – зүн ‘left; the East’. Further we will consider adjectives: deerk ‘top’ – dorak ‘lower’, ömnk ‘forward’ – ardк ‘back’. Spatial adjectives are frequent and are widely used in the epos “Dzhangar”. Deeper studying of spatial adjectives, their combination with various lexico-semantic groups of nouns is of unconditional interest to further researches.

The research of the epos “Dzhangar” language can be a perspective work, valuable material not only for linguists, specialists in folklore and also for those who are interested in the language and the culture of Kalmyk people.

Acknowledgements: The article was prepared within the framework of the research work of the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Explanatory dictionary of language of Kalmyk heroic epic «Dzhangar»” (State Registration No. 114071170020).

References

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