THE ISSUE OF STUDYING THE MOTIVES OF THE KALMYK HEROIC TALE AND THE HEROIC EPIC “JANGAR”

Abstract

The article considers some of the motives of the Kalmyk heroic tale and the Kalmyk heroic epic “Jangar”. Traditional motives such as the motive of a childless old man and an old woman, the motive of a miraculous birth correlated with the subsequent motive of begging the saints for the son heir are considered by the author. Family`s defender of the heroic fairytale in the Kalmyk heroic epic “Jangar” turns into the heir of the epic king. Compositional techniques and episodes telling about the birth of an heir-hero, the son of Jangar – Shovshur, show how masterful Kalmyk dzhangarchies, i.e., storytellers, were. New light is cast on the theme of the clan continuation from the point of view of resolving public problems, the issue of succession passes to the issue of revival of Bumba country. Kalmyk dzhangarchies refused to develop the traditional motive of childlessness straigthforwardly, because it would contradict the character of the epic hero. A number of motives of the Kalmyk heroic tale clarifies some uncertainties, mysteries of the narrative in the text of the epic songs as the true deep meaning of what is happening may be found in the fairy story, where biographical form of the narrative determines a strong connection with all of its links, motives, situations.

As a result of the analysis, the author concludes that the traditional fairy-tale motive of childlessness, followed by the motive of begging for the son and the heir, as well as the mythological motive of the birth of the heir by the elderly heroine in the Kalmyk epic “Jangar” is transformed and replaced by the image of the rescue hero of the country Bumba.

References

1. Bordzhanova T. G. O vzaimosvjazi jeposa “Dzhangar” i bogatyrskih skazok // “Dzhangar” i problemy jepicheskogo tvorchestva tjurko-mongol’skih narodov: mater. Vsesojuz. konf. Jelista, 17-19 maja. 1978 g. – M.: Nauka, 1980. – S. 214-219.
2. Bordzhanova T. G. Kalmyckaja bogatyrskaja skazka // Aktual’nye problemy narodov Severnogo Kavkaza i 50 Dagestana: tezisy dokladov i soobshhenij region. nauch. konf. Mahachkala, 18-20 nojabrja 1987 g. – Mahachkala, 1987. – S. 39-40.
3. Mutljaeva B. Je. Motiv chudesnogo rozhdenija geroja v tjurko-mongol’skom geroicheskom i skazochnom jepose // Tipologicheskie i hudozhestvennye osobennosti “Dzhangara”. – Jelista: Kalm. kn. izd-vo, 1978. – S. 51-62.
4. Mutljaeva B. Je. Motiv chudesnogo rozhdenija geroja v skazochnom jepose mongol’skih narodov i v kalmyckom jepose “Dzhangar” // Jepicheskaja pojezija mongol’skih narodov. – Jelista: Kalm. kn. izd-vo, 1982. – S. 43-49.
5. Sarangov V. T. Pojeticheskaja struktura kalmyckih bogatyrskih skazok i ih sootnoshenie s jepicheskim zhanrom // “Dzhangar” i problemy jepicheskogo tvorchestva: Tez. dokl. i soobshh. mezhd. nauch. konf. – Jelista, 1990. – S. 55-57.
6. Sarangov V. T. Pojetika i stil’ kalmyckoj bogatyrskoj skazki. – Jelista: Izd-vo Kalm. un-ta, 2015. – 108 s.
7. Mandzhieva B. B. K voprosu izuchenija kalmyckih bogatyrskih skazok // XLIV Mezhdunarodnaja filolog. nauchn. konf. Sankt-Peterburg, 10-15 marta 2015 g.: Tezisy dokladov. – SPb.: Filologicheskij fakul’tet SPbGU, 2015. – S. 741-742.
8. Mandzhieva B. B. Kon’ geroja v kalmyckoj bogatyrskoj skazke i v geroicheskom jepose “Dzhangar” // Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovanija. – Moskva, 2015. – № 1. – S. 890. URL: http://www.scienceeducation.ru (data obrashhenija: 29.05.2015)
9. Kichikov A. Sh. Arhaicheskie motivy proishozhdenija geroja i ih transformacii v versijah “Dzhangara” // Uchitel’, uchenyj, prosvetitel’. Professor A. Sh. Kichikov [Tekst]: proekt Kalmyckogo universiteta. – Jelista: Izdvo Kalmyckogo un-ta, 2008. – S. 131-163.
10. Putilov B. N. Ob jepicheskom podtekste (na materiale bylin i junackih pesen) // Slavjanskij fol’klor. – M.: Nauka, 1972. – S. 4-16.
11. Veselovskij A. N. Istoricheskaja pojetika. – L.: Goslitizdat. Leningr. otd-nie, 1940. – 649 s.
12. Putilov B. N. Motiv kak sjuzhetoobrazujushhij jelement. – Tipologicheskie issledovanija po fol’kloru. – M.: Nauka, 1975. – S. 144-182.
13. Zhirmunskij V. M. Skazanie ob Alpamyshe i bogatyrskaja skazka. – M.: Izd. vost. lit., 1960. – 335 s.
14. Hal’mg tuul’s / Sost. A. C. Bembeeva, C.-D. Nominhanov. T. 2. – Jelst: Hal’mg degtr һarһach, 1968. – 266 s.
15. Ramstedt G. J. Kalmckische Sprachoben. Kalmuckische Marchen. – Helsinki, 1919. – R. 184-211.
16. Dzhangar. Kalmyckij geroicheskij jepos / Sost. A. Sh. Kichikov; Red. G. I. Mihajlov. – M.: Nauka, Glav. red. vost. lit., 1978. – T. 1. – 441 s.
17. Nikiforov N. Ja. Sobranie skazok altajcev s primech. G. N. Potanina // Zap. VSORGO. – Omsk, 1915. – T. XXXVII. – 293 s.
18. Zhirmunskij V. M. Tjurkskij geroicheskij jepos. – L.: Nauka, 1974. – 726 s.
19. Hal’mg tuul’s. – Jelista: Kalm. kn. izd-vo, 1979. – 160 s.
20. Kichikov A. Sh. Geroicheskij jepos “Dzhangar”. Sravnitel’no-tipologicheskoe issledovanie pamjatnika. – M.: “Vostochnaja literatura”, 1992. – 320 s.