RUSSISMS IN EARLY OLONKHO TEXT ALA-BULKUN BOGATYR: SEMANTIC AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the semantic and functional features of russisms in the language of the early text of the olonkho Ala Bulkun bogatyr by T. V. Zakharov, recorded from the words of the epic-teller in 1906. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the problem of russisms in the olonkho language is still insufficiently developed, and therefore issues such as the definition of russisms, the peculiarities of the process of their penetration, the specifics of functioning, methods of adaptation and thematic classification are topical research tasks. As a result of the analysis of the olonkho text, 169 lexical borrowings from the Russian language were identified, which were used by the olonkho-teller along with the Yakut lexemes. The equivalence of russisms to Yakut lexemes is evidenced by their functioning as part of the main artistic and visual means of the olonkho language. The following phenomena were established: the majority of russisms are used in proper nominative meanings, except for some of them, which form complex phrases for perception; some russisms point to the still ongoing process of vowelism, approaching the established literary norms of pronunciation of the Yakut language – the lack of vocalization in these russisms probably indicates their relatively recent borrowing; the abundance of russisms is explained by the basic principle of the organization of epic versification, which is based on alliteration and rhythmic-syntactic parallelism. These artistic and poetic techniques require the epic-teller to master a vast fund of lexical units, consisting of many synonymous series and parallels. This, in turn, creates favorable conditions for attracting lexical borrowings, including russisms. This is evidenced by the active use of russisms in the composition of such particularly stable constructions as epic formulas and typical places. It can be concluded that the analyzed russisms were well known not only to the narrator himself, but also to the epic audience. The study used the following methods: continuous sampling, substitution, distribution, quantitative-statistical, component and contextual analyzes.

Acknowledgements: The study was carried out within the framework of the NEFU research project “Epic monument of the intangible culture of the Yakuts: textological, typological, cognitive and historical-comparative aspects”.

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