Semantic features of the figurative vocabulary in the Nyuser Bogyo olonkho

(in comparison with Japanese onomatopes)

Abstract

The article presents the results of a component analysis of the meanings of the figurative vocabulary of the Yakut language on the material of the olonkho Byudyuryubet Nyuser Bogyo by the narrator N. M. Tarasov. Onomatopoietic vocabulary of the Japanese language, found in the translation of the text of this olonkho into Japanese, is used as comparative material. The purpose of the study undertaken in the framework of this article is to identify, using component analysis, the features of the meaning of figurative and onomatopoietic vocabulary in an epic text, as well as to determine the universal and specific Yakut and Japanese languages ​​in the studied vocabulary. The relevance is determined by the relatively poorly understood content characteristics of the figurative vocabulary of the Yakut language, as well as by the interest in studying the semantic structure of the word in a comparative aspect. The applied method of component analysis involves the allocation of integral and differential signs of meaning that distinguish figurative vocabulary from neutral. This method is also used to detect similar and distinct features in the figurative vocabulary of the Yakut language and onomatopoietic vocabulary of the Japanese language. To analyze the meaning of words, dictionary definitions from the Big Explanatory Dictionary of the Yakut Language and dictionaries of onomatopoietic words of the Japanese language are used.

During the study, 26 units of figurative words of the Yakut language and 18 units of onomatopoietic words were identified. Of these, only in three cases the translation of figurative vocabulary was made through onomatopoietic. In other cases, figurative vocabulary was translated using similarly meaning neutral vocabulary. It was established that figurative and onomatopoietic vocabulary are united by the presence in their meaning of an additional differentiating seme indicating an object of action or description, as well as polysemy due to the transition from the value of onomatopoeia to representations of movement, state or external form. The distinguishing features of the onomatopoietic vocabulary of the Japanese language can be considered the allocation of seme, which characterizes the psychophysical state of the object. The Yakut figurative vocabulary is distinguished by the fact that it is mainly based on a description of the appearance and physical characteristics of a person.

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