OLONKHO CULTURAL MEMORY AS UNIT OF TRANSLATION

Abstract

The article is devoted to the cultural information of P. A. Oyunsky olonkho “Nurgun Bootur the Swift” in the aspect of interlingual and intersemiotic types of translation (in Jakobsonean version). The epic work is a “strong” text of the Yakut culture, as evidenced by its popularity among the people of the original culture and language, the sustainable interest of scholars from various fields of humanities, its high educational and cultural potential and regular translatability by means of verbal and nonverbal semiotic systems. The close connection of the Oyunsky olonkho (classic example of following the ancient epic tradition) with the real life and the verity of the described events make the reconstructed piece of epic literature a reliable historical and ethnographic source of information about the culture and history of the Yakut people.

An important place in the information continuum of olonkho belongs to the cultural memory, which is the result of mythologization and sacralization of the past, phenomenon of collective origin and ensures the cultural identity of the indigenous people of Yakutia (Sakha). The analysis main goal is to comprehend the cultural memory of olonkho in translingual and transcultural perspectives, which contributes to the task of preservation of the historical experience and memories of the Yakuts in the texts of translations and successful intercultural communication. The methodological basis of the research was the understanding of the cultural memory of Oyunsky olonkho text as hyperunit of translation, regarding which a decision for translation is made. The translation task is the recreation in secondary texts the content of an epic work, a unique cultural code, as well as assistance to a potential reader of translation in the perception and understanding of the olonkho complex cultural space. The peculiarities of the original text information generate the variability of the translation hypounits and the application of ad hoc and ad libitum principles for their determination. Culturonyms are considered to be the regular formal carries of cultural information and memory and, accordingly, hypounits of translation.

The comprehension of olonkho text, which is a complex cultural sense, and the continuation of its “life” through nonverbal semiotics, also influence on the necessity of determination the units of intersemiotics translation. The cultural memory must be preserved in music, dance, cinema and pictorial arts as secondary texts of the verbal original, which directly demonstrates the universality of this type of cultural information as a unit of translation of epic literature.

References

1. Razumovskaya V. A. Still in search of a unit of translation: semantic situation. In: Meta. Résumés du colloque 60^eanniversaire de meta: “Les horizons de la traduction: retour vers le futur”. Vol.60, 2015, No. 2, p. 367. (In Eng. lang.)
2. Vinay J. P., Darbelnet J. Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais. Méthode de traduction. Paris, Didier Montréal; Beauchemin, 1958, 331 p. (In French lang.)
3. Latyshev L. K. Kurs perevoda (jekvivalentnost' perevoda i sposoby ee dostizheniya) [The course of translation (translation equivalence and the means of its achievement)]. Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1981, 284 p.
4. Barhudarov L. S. Yazyk i perevod [Language and translation]. Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1975, 240 p.
5. Komissarov V. N. Slovo o perevode [The word about translation]. Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1973, 215 p.
6. Alekseeva I. S. Vvedenie v perevodovedenie [Introduction into translation studies]. Saint-Petersburg, Akademiya, 2004, 352 p.
7. Garbovskij N. K. Teoriya perevoda [Theory of translation]. Moscow, Izd-vo MGU, 2004, 544 p.
8. Sdobnikov V. V., Petrova O. V. Teoriya perevoda [Theory of translation]. Moscow, AST, 2006, 448 p.
9. Komissarov V. N. Sovremennoe perevodovedenie [Modern translation studies]. Moscow, Izd-vo ETS, 2001, 424 p.
10. Solodub Yu. P. Teoriya i praktika hudozhestvennogo perevoda[Theory and practice of literary translation]. Moscow, Akademiya, 2005, 304 p.
11. Brodovich O. I. Edinica perevoda: Ontologiya? Jevristika? [The unit of translation: Ontology? Heuristic?]. In: Materialy 29 Mezhvuzovskoj nauchno-metodicheskoj konferencii prepodavatelej i aspirantov. Vyp. 8: Aktual'nye problemy teorii i praktiki perevoda [The materials of 29^th scientific-methodological conference of teachers and students. Iss. 8: Actual problems of the theory and practice of translation]. Saint-Petersburg, 2000, pp. 11-23.
12. Minchenkov A. G. Kognitivno-jevristicheskaya model' perevoda (na materiale anglijskogo yazyka) [Cognitive-heuristic translation model (on the material of the English language)]. Diss. … d. filol. n. Saint-Petersburg, 2008, 319 p.
13. Lotman Yu. M. Struktura hudozhestvennogo teksta [The structure of literary text]. In: Ob iskusstve [About art]. Saint-Petersburg, Iskusstvo, 1998, pp.14-285.
14. Razumovskaya V. A. Semanticheskaya situaciya kak edinica hudozhestvennogo perevoda [Semantic situation as a unit of translation]. In: Vestnik Moskovskogo gorodskogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Moscow City University Bulletin]. 2013, No. 1 (11), pp. 72-80.
15. Razumovskaya V. A. Semantika hudozhestvennogo obraza v originale i perevode: kot Begemot [Semantics of literary image in original and translation: the cat Behemoth]. In: Problemy istorii, filologii, kul'tury [The problems of history, philology, culture]. Moscow, Magnitogorsk, Novosibirsk, Rossijskaya akademiya nauk, Magnitogorskij gosuniversitet, 2012, No. 3, pp. 268-278.
16. Ivanov V. N. Olonho – unikal'noe yavlenie v mirovoj jepicheskoj kul'ture [Olonkho – unique phenomenon in the world epic culture]. Yakutsk, Izdatel'skij dom SVFU, 2014, 158 p.
17. Assmann J. Das kulturelle Gedächtnis. Schrift, Erinnerung und politische Identität in frühen Hochkulturen. München, C. H. Beck, 1992, 333 s. (In German lang.)
18. Burcev A. A. Jakutskie olonho v kontekste jepicheskih pamyatnikov narodov mira [Yakut olonkho in the context of the epic monuments of the world peoples]. In: İDİL. 2013, No. 8, vol. 2, pp. 201-216.
19. Ksenofontov G. V. Materialy po mifologii i legendarnoj istorii yakutov [The materials on mythology and legendary history of the Yakut people]. Moscow, Nauka, 1977, 246 p.
20. Antonov E. P. Istoricheskie issledovaniya P. A. Ojunskogo[Historical researches of P. A. Oyunsky]. In: Severo-Vostochnyj gumanitarnyj vestnik [North-Eastern Humanitarian Bulletin]. 2013, No. 2 (7), pp. 34-38.
21. Illarionov V. V., Orosina N. A. P. A. Ojunskij i jakutskaya fol'kloristika [Oyunsky and Yakut folklore studies]. In: Severo-Vostochnyj gumanitarnyj vestnik [North-Eastern Humanitarian Bulletin]. 2013, No. 2 (7), pp. 15-22.
22. Sidorov O. G. P. A. Ojunskij: olonho kak otrazhenie drevnej istorii naroda saha [Olonkho as the reflection of the ancient history of the Sakha people]. In: Vestnik Severo-Vostochnogo federal'nogo universiteta imeni M. K. Ammosova: Seriya Eposovedenie [Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal university: Series Epic Studies]. 2017, No. 4 (08), pp. 98-107. doi 10.25587/SVFU.2017.4.8700
23. Konstantinov I. V. Olonho kak istoriko-ehtnograficheskij istochnik [Olonkho as historical-ethnographic source]. In: Osnovopolozhnik jakutskoj sovetskoj literatury: sb. st. k 80-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya P. A. Ojunskogo [The founder of the Yakut Soviet literature: collection of articles devoted to the 80^thanniversary of P. A. Oyunsky]. Yakutsk, 1974, pp. 215-220.
24. Illarionov V. V. Olonho – jepicheskoe nasledie naroda saha[Olonkho – epic legacy of Sakha people]. Novosibirsk, Nauka, 2016, 334 p.
25. Kuz'mina N. A. Intertekst: tema s variaciyami. Fenomeny kul'tury i yazyka v intertekstual'noj interpretacii [Intertext: the theme with variations. The phenomena of culture and language in intertextual interpretation]. Omsk, Izd-vo Omskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2009, 228 p.
26. Sidorov O. G. “Mnoj ostavlennye pesni v stolet'yah sohranit narod…”. O Platone Ojunskom [“The people will safe my songs in centuries …”. About Platon Oyunsky]. In: Sibirskie ogni[Siberian Lights]. 2018, № 4 [Web resource]. URL: http://www.sibogni.ru/content/mnoy-ostavlennye-pesni-v-stoletyah-sohranit-narod (accessed June 7, 2018).
27. Nikolaeva N. A. The history of translation of the Yakut heroic epic olonkho into world’s languages. In: Vestnik Severo-Vostochnogo federal'nogo universiteta imeni M. K. Ammosova: Seriya Eposovedenie [Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal university: Series Epic Studies]. 2016, No. 3 (03), pp. 85-90. doi 10.25587/SVFU.2016.3.10870 (In Eng. lang.)
28. Efremova N. A., Varlamova A.-S. V., Rozhina I. V., Feoktistov S. P. Jetapy razvitiya perevodcheskoj deyatel'nosti v respublike Saha (Jakutiya) i ee sovremennoe sostoyanie (na materiale fol'klornyh tekstov, perevodnoj hudozhestvennoj literatury v kontekste istoricheskogo osveshcheniya) [The stages of the development of the translation activity in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic and its current condition (on the material of folklore texts, translated fiction in the context of historical observation)]. In: Filologicheskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki. [Philological sciences. The issues of theory and practice]. 2018, No. 2 (80), pp. 312-317.
29. Slepcova E. V. My rodom iz olonho [We are from olonkho]. In: Literaturnaya gazeta [Literary Newspaper]. 2007, No. 49 [Web resource]. URL: http://www.lgz.ru/article/N49--6149---2007-12-05-/M%D1%8B-rodom-iz-olonho2489/ (accessed June 7, 2018).
30. Puhov I. V. Olonho – drevnij ehpos jakutov [Olonkho – ancient epos of the Yakuts]. In: Nyurgun Bootur Stremitel'nyj. Yakutskij geroicheskij ehpos olonho [Nurgun Botur the Swift. Yakut heroic epos olonkho]. Yakutsk, Jakutskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo, 1975, pp. 411-422.
31. Illarionov V. V., Utkin K. D. Novyj perevod geroicheskogo jeposa saha [New translation of the Sakha heroic epos]. In: Polyarnaya zvezda [Polar star]. 2011, No. 6, pp. 27-29.
32. Robbek L. V. Funkcional'no-semanticheskie osobennosti yazyka olonho [Functional and semantic peculiarities of the olonkho language]. Diss. … k. filol. n. Moscow, 2009, 179 p.
33. Vasil'eva A. A. Strategii sozdaniya ehpicheskogo mira olonho sredstvami russkogo yazyka [Stratagies of creation of the olonkho epic world by means of the Russian language]. In: Vestnik Severo-Vostochnogo federal'nogo universiteta imeni M. K. Ammosova: Seriya Jeposovedenie [Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal university: Series Epic Studies]. 2017, No. 2 (06), pp. 46-57. doi 10.25587/SVFU.2017.6.10662
34. Vinokurov V. V. Perevody jakutskogo olonho na razlichnye yazyki mira [Translations of the Yakut olonkho into various languages of the world]. In: Jepicheskoe nasledie Evrazii: Dialog kul'tur i pokolenij [The epic legacy of Euro-Asia: The dialogue of cultures and generations]. Saint-Petersburg, Asterion, 2008, pp. 84-90.
35. Tarasova Z. E. Fonologicheskie aspekty perevoda jakutskih imen sobstvennyh na anglijskij yazyk (na materiale jakutskogo jeposa “Nyurgun Bootur Stremitel'nyj”) [Phonological aspects of the Yakut proper names translation into English (on the material of the Yakut epos “Nurgun Botur the Swift”). In: Filologicheskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki [Philological sciences. Issues of theory and practice]. 2013, No. 6 (24), part 1, pp. 202-205.
36. Goncharenko S. F. Poehticheskij perevod i perevod poehzii: konstanty i variativnost' [Poetic translation and translation of poetry: constants and variability. In: Tetradi perevodchika. Vyp. 24. [Translator’s notebooks. Vol. 24]. Moscow, Izd-vo MGLU, 1999, pp. 107-122.
37. Kazakova T. A. Prakticheskie osnovy perevoda. English-Russian[Practical basis of translation. English-Russian]. Saint-Petersburg, Soyuz, 2001, 320 p.
38. Nahodkina A. A. O sovremennom sostoyanii perevodcheskoj deyatel'nosti v Respublike Saha (Jakutiya) [About the modern condition of translation activity in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic]. In: Aktual'nye problemy perevoda v svete yazykovoj politiki: sb. nauch. trudov [Actual problems of translation in the context of the language policy: collection of scientific works]. Yakutsk, IGI AN RS (Ya), 2006, pp. 37-45.
39. Petrova T. I. Tipologiya perevoda jakutskogo ehposa olonho na russkij yazyk [The typology of translation of the Yakut epos olonkho into the Russian language]. Yakutsk, IPK SVFU, 2010, 134 p.
40. Hajrullin V. I. Lingvokul'turnye i kognitivnye aspekty perevoda[Linguo-cultural and cognitive aspects of translation]. Diss. … d. filol. n. Moscow, 1995, 354 p.
41. Dyachkovskaya V. G. Translation strategies in the Yakut heroic epic olonkho: lexical problems (on the “Nurgun Botur the Swift” epic). In: Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences. Vol. 10, 2016, No. 9, pp. 2398-2405. (In Eng. lang.)
42. Vinokurov V. V. Jakutskij geroicheskij ehpos-olonho na teatral'noj scene [Yakut heroic epos-olonkho on the theatre stage]. In: Gumanitarnye nauchnye issledovaniya[Humanitarian scientific researches]. 2015, No. 12 [Web resource]. URL: http://human.snauka.ru/2015/12/13578 (accessed June 7, 2018).
43. Razumovskaya V. A. Cultural information/memory and aesthetic information in literary translation. In: Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences. Vol. 6, 2012, No. 5, pp. 839-852. (In Eng. lang.)
44. Razumovskaya V. A. Translating aboriginal Siberian and circumpolar cultures in Russia. In: Translators, Interpreters, and Cultural NegotiatorsMediating and Communicating Power from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era. London: PALGRAVE MACMILLAM, 2014, pp. 190-212. (In Eng. lang.)